Special Report - Status and prospects of domestic WIG commercialization -'The Adventures of Baron charlatan' written by Germany Erich Rudolph Las page is a novel based on baron mwinhihawoojen served as an officer in the Russian army on the 18th century. In this novel the best bouncer in the world, cock-and-bull misadventures of baron mwinhihawoojen spreads which is something that claims to have experienced their own accident in the form of the case. (Marine and Shipbuilding Monthly 2011)

Status and prospects of domestic WIG commercialization

'The Adventures of Baron charlatan' written by Germany Erich Rudolph Las page is a novel based on baron mwinhihawoojen served as an officer in the Russian army on the 18th century.
In this novel the best bouncer in the world, cock-and-bull misadventures of baron mwinhihawoojen spreads which is something that claims to have experienced their own accident in the form of the case.

The novel was decorated with surreal story, though, my curiosity was causing the information that it went to the Moon by using a ship. As shown in the novel, WIG is a vessel flying on sky. Of course, as shown in the novel it does not seem 'sailboat'.
In other words, it shown as a plane rather than a ship shape. Evenly having the benefits of ships and planes WIG was regarded as once 'Caspian Sea Monster'. Then, taking advantage of WIG it is used primarily for military use,
and is promoted to the commercialization of the domestic private sector. Is it the pursuit of a new growth engine shipbuilding industry or commercially infeasible because it’s not yet commercialized in the world?

Ⅰ. Summary of WIG (Wing In Ground Effect Ship: water craft)
1. Definition and history of WIG
WIG (Wing In Ground Effect Ship: water craft), means high-speed sailing vessel where it uses the effect to increase lift when the horizontal cross-section of the wing try to access with the surface of the sea.
Effect of the sea, rather than a new aircraft developed from the time of the first to have been aware of these sponges, some experimental attempts to apply the effect just before World War II, but some of the first WIG was developed from the 1960s to the Russians and the Germans.
In Russia, first began to develop its own military purposes, from small two-seater 550-ton displacement to large WIG WIG10 ships by making a series of studies.
The Soviet Union became published in 1962 the SM-2P by the main axis (CHDB: Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau) which is said for the first time and SM-2P has a low-wing and a large and high T-tail and taking off to gain momentum for injection under the wings it were made of for the use of water and land ways.

Started in 1963, KM (Russian Abbreviation for Prototype Ship) project is over 100 times heavier than the SM-2P and far ahead of the time and the 500-ton KM was made on 1966 to test in the world's largest inland sea, the Caspian Sea that was detected by U.S. spy satellites to be over the 550km / h in the surface of water for sailing.
At the time of the scientific sense it was impossible for a boat to sail over the speed of 500km / h and therefore, the Western military experts for this object of the sea named Sea Monster, and was busy for identifying a monster.
Later, the identity of this monster was turned out to be WIG, developed by the former Soviet Union.
Since then, the most successful WIG is Orlynok, 125 tons. Orlynok having two turbofan at the stern and a bigger turbo procedure at the bow was developed for the water and land ways, and during 1,979 to 1,992 years it has been applied in the Soviet Navy.
Most recently created WIG In the Soviet Union is in 1987, six missile launchers mounted 400 ton Lun which was placed on the Russian Navy on 1989, but the early 1990s due to Cold War and the worsened Russian government finances it made stopped further development and most recently the name was changed to Spasatel to convert into lifeboats equipped with various medical equipment and emergency equipment.

2. Features and advantages of WIG (1) The characteristics of WIG
WIG, compared to the general vessels, movement is free to have obstacle avoidance capability such as surge or barrier and high-speed flight is possible. In coastal areas difficult to put on a ship or aircraft it can be operated.
And on emergencies it can quickly east to navigate at sea, is easy to avoid an obstacle, and for emergency safety is excellent. The air cushion under the wings during flight give a comfort and has high stability due to the less shake.
Finally, the WIG compared to ship or aircraft, is excellent in economic properties with low production costs, promoting efficiency and fuel efficiency.
It has the high speed of 2 to 10 times compared with existing high-speed vessels and 2 to 3 times to hovercraft with the same horsepower, two to three times faster than the aircraft, 7.69km level per 1 ℓ comparable to the aircraft's fuel consumption 68%, just 21% of the vessel and the level of transport efficiency is twice that of the aircraft.

(2) Comparison with other transportation body

1) Comparison with airplane
The aircraft can carry cargo quickly, but because it has limits to scale_up and is high in cost it is difficult to transport large quantities of cargo. However, because comparable to the aircraft WIG can be accelerated as much, and is operated on low-altitude it has high safety. Without the need for special tools it can be operated, be landed directly on a sandy beach and is not subjected to in such facilities as the airport runway.
Compared to the same size, it can be transported with the cargo of same weight in less horsepower, so the initial investment and operating costs are relatively small. Because WIG, compared to aircraft, has the ease of production, and their low weight limit it can be produced as aluminum for the existing marine and construction price is cheaper than an airplane’s. Figure 1 compares the weight to the required power and from this, it can be seen that the transportation of WIG is higher than means of other transportation.

2) Comparison with the ship
Ships can carry large amounts of goods inexpensively, but the speed is slow, and regular ships, due to the frictional resistance of the water, are difficult to make the speed of 100km / h or more, but for WIG 100 ~ 500km / h can be operated with a high-speed. In appearance, against the similar size of the ship, it has an effect of a 98% reduction for radar effective reflection area (RCS) and short pitam distance of 64% to much higher survival.

(3) The advantages and disadvantages of WIG
WIG can fly at high tide with the height of 10m, and there is no the seasickness with the absent of shaking down. It also does not require airport facilities, the existing wharf facilities are available only for WIG. Even though existing vessel speed limit was 90 kilometers per hour, WIG has the faster speed, and fuel economy is only half the level of existing aircraft. In addition, due to low altitude in an emergency it is advantageous to ensure passenger safety. However, because of prior to take-off, the speed of 150 ~ 170km per hour with a ride on the water, Hump Drag due to the interaction between vehicles and the waters occurs, and to overcome this the excessive power take-off device or assistive devices are needed. In addition, a smaller aircraft on a flight to a lower elevation due to waves, the shape of the wing from time to time under the wing is replaced and the flight of the poor performance, stability, resistance can be reduced or navigable viscosity is considered as a disadvantage.

Ⅱ. The status of WIG (Wing In Ground Effect Ship: water craft),
1. International developments trend
Practical application of WIG was conducted through CCBHS( Central Construction Bureau for Hydrofoil Ships) by the former Soviet Union.
After the Soviet collapse it is known design technology and construction laws, and have been acknowledged in maritime transport by great economy and advanced efficiency. And currently, by the United States, Germany, China, Australia, Japan and Korea etc. has been actively developing both military and civilian with a linear research(see Table 1).

2. Domestic developments trend
In fact, WIG development history of Korea tends to be short. On 1993, as an exchange program between Korea and Russia, multiple WIG design of science and technology was introduced, in Russia on 1994 being held the WIG-related technology research, and sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology from 1996 to 1998 conducting the conceptual design skills over that, to drive the concept of small WIG of 20 seats, maximum speed 120km / h, for validation of the design constructing gull number 1 and 2. (see Fig 2)
However, the WIG could be operated only at the rivers and lakes and did not have any demand over it. In neighboring countries and advanced countries in recent years the development of WIG become active and it was raised for domestic demand for the small and medium sized WIG to be actively promoted the development for the use of civilian and military, and to be completed for 20-seats basic design and initial design of 200-seats.

(1) Developments trend for types 1) 4 seats WIG Development
As a first step of the development of small WIG less than 20 seats, it was promoted for 4 seats WIG for recreation on October 2001 to March 2002 supported by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and driven by Infiniti technology and the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. The engine of 4 seats WIG(Gull, No. 4, see Fig 3) has the capacity of 100 horsepower and 75km / h over the speed, and with excellent gliding performance it could be undertaken without the shock during the waves.

2) 20 seats WIG Development
From December 1997 to November 1998, organized by the Ministry of Industry and Samsung and other industry, with the projects of 'sponge effect of medium-sized passenger linear design and implementation of performance skills development', the maximum speed of 300km / h, 200 people on board personnel, propulsion system test with a target produced 3.5m level trial ship but, with the investment environment exacerbated by IMF it was discontinued. And then, organized by Ministry of Science and Technology, on August 2004 to July 2009, projects performed by the Korea Ocean Research Development, 20-seat WIG development is pushing the test (see Figure 4).

3) 200 seats passenger ship, 250-ton cargo ship development
Organized by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the Korea Maritime Institute (Marine Safety Institute), led by five years in February 2005 to 2009 times larger national research and development projects as part of a practical 'large WIG development (high-speed marine transportation system development) challenges 200-seats aims to be promoted, and a larger study involved for the private sector that can carry 100 tons of cargo tonnage from 250 to 300 ways to develop high-speed cargo ships are being examined (see Figure 5.)

Ⅲ. The prospect of WIG (Wing In Ground Effect Ship: water craft) 1. National economic impact
It is expected of average annual production of about 1 trillion won since the development according to the industry estimation. In other words, around 350 billion won annually is estimated to generate added value (see Table 2).

In fact, it is not commercialized yet and it is difficult to estimate the market size correctly. Of course, estimating the trend of WIG development at home and abroad it is considered that the market size would not be so small. As mentioned earlier WIG acts in the maritime to be able to save a significant capital required to the construction of the airport and runway and with flying close to the sea to be safely on the surface of the sea in case of emergency having the benefits to avoid disaster such as a large aircraft, and with high speed and excellent maneuver ability to the effect of wigs to be perceived of the high economical benefits. After verifying the safety of WIG, if successful in the commercialization, these benefits can be predicted as a big factor to expand the market for the WIG.
When WIG on current trends in the industry as the industry progresses market is formed to some extent the annual amount of approximately 1.5-3 billions market is expected to be built. In Korea, the main course such as Pohang - Ulleungdo, Busan - Ulleungdo, Incheon - Baengnyeongdo is expected to take place, and in Ulleungdo - Dokdo, Hongdo, Heuksando, Jeju Island, etc., where possible in marine tourism it is estimated that the demand arises.
All over the world besides here in Korea there to be the ocean is associated seems to be possible with formation of WIG market. In particular, Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, Australia and the places having a good condition in other environmental conditions are being considered and also, the WIG tourism industry is estimated to be in Guam, Saipan, Maldives and elsewhere.

Ⅴ. Summary
If commercialization of WIG is successful, view of the market is expected to be very bright. Yet, for the commercialization of WIG it needs for safety verification. Therefore, the development company should try to be committed to the development of adequate testing to ensure safety in flight against premature judgments and expectations before the early commercialization.
Human have been beard in mind for needs to fly and walk on the sea for a long time. The powerful solution to be able to solve the desire could be 'WIG'. However, it should be remembered that the success is depends on the closer consultation between manufacturers, government and industry.

■ References
. Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
. R.O.K Joint Chiefs of Staff (http://www.jcs.mil.kr/main.html)
. KMI
. C&S AMT
. Wing Ship Technology Corp.
. AUG, 2009

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