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The status and outlook for Korea major port facilities and traffic in 2011 Major ports that are still in energetic states |
For the purpose of development for Port-related industries and the competitiveness, the Korea Maritime Institute held the inaugural meeting and workshop under the name of 'Port Industry CEO Forum in Busan Commodore Hotel on July 29 in the high interest of the industry.
Port-related industry workshop to review the status and issues, and port-related services as an alternative to product development, and political topics concerning support measures were announced after a heated discussion. With respect to poor scales relative to the competitiveness of the current port in the absence of supporting policies, there were considerations such as the struggling port-related industries for the survival and development of ports and an internal larger promotion of the advancement of the industry, and harbors for improving industrial competitiveness business clustered deployment, port-related industries through the establishment of statistical importance of the problem for increased support for deregulation and related infrastructure, port industry and professional manpower. The significance of the sea upon mankind can be checked in terms of the passage of large marine transportation (shipping and harbor), and food sources (fisheries, fisheries), marine resources, including mineral resources (offshore development), the regulation of the global environment (marine environment). Man made the boat to be able to transport large freights through the sea (Port) significantly and according to expanding the scope of human activity, it has developed rapidly with human civilization. Currently about 5 billion tonnes of cargo, 75% of world trade is transported through sea(port), and Korea transports 99.7 percent of the imported and exported goods via the sea. Seeing the human history such as Medieval Venice ruled the Mediterranean, Modern Spanish and Portuguese, the Dutch dominated the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the UK five ocean domination, the United States 'Pax Americana' realization, the forces that dominated the world's maritime traffic winner can be seen the one who has taken over the sea. This November edition of Ⅰ. Trends in the traffic in major ports Table 1 and Figure 1 shows in July 2011 based, the overall traffic of national harbor was recorded 117,111,000 tonnes. This is 10.6 percent year-over-year increase, the amount rose 5.9 percent from the previous month. Import and export cargo volume of 4.0%, 17.4% YoY respectively and the transshipment cargo volume rose 38.4% YoY. And in July 2011 for domestic traffic in the Port's container TEU 1,892,000, which is the increase of 10.2% YoY in 2011, the cumulative traffic in 2011 in 75,5311,000 ton, which is 8.5% YoY. Also, accumulation of domestic port traffic in 2011, TEU 12,424,000 with a year-over-year rose11.2 percent. Below is the status of each port.   1. Busan Port (1) Status for port traffic Looking at Table 2 and Figure 2, July 2011 Busan overall traffic is 26,312,000 tonnes and rose YoY 17.0% and 7.8% last month. Cumulative traffic in July having rosed 11.1 percent year over year, 169,430,000 tonnes, and container traffic in July 2011 increased by 17.0% YoY to 1,446,000 TEU. Container traffic in July cumulative increase of 13.5% YoY to 9,316,000 million TEU. (2) Port Operating Trends Looking at Table 3, July 2011, Busan container cargo volume 6.6% compared to the Looking at Table 3, July 2011, Busan container cargo volume 6.6% compared to the previous month, 17.0% increase YoY. In performance of the container cargo volume, two of the new harbor pier (4-9 berths) the highest, following in the order of sinseondae pier, new port 3 (HJS). In the case of Busan New Port, New Port (1-3 berths) an increase of 7.1% YoY 65,000 TEU, Port 2 (4-9 berths) an increase of 45.6% 318,000 TEU. 3 new port (HJS), 30.1 percent increase, New Port 4 of Hyundai Merchant Marine by 34.9%. On July 2011, the pier sinseondae representing the second highest processing performance increased 9.5% YoY to 242,000 TEU. Hutchinson terminal of the jasungdae pier increased by 8.6% YoY to 127,000 TEU.  As shown in Figure 3, on July 2011, share of traffic in the entire container was North Port 51.9 % and New Port 48.1% where the latter cargo volume proportion was reduced by 0.8 % points from the previous month. In case of North Port, it showed up for the treatment of 72.3% in March 2010, but decreased to 60.6 percent in April, and on July 2011 as a whole is showing decline. In case of New Port, it showed since March 2009 the container traffic in 20% range maintains, but the level of processing, in April 2010 increased to 39.4 percent from the previous month of 11.6 percent points, and in July 2011 increased to 48.1% level. On July 2011, monthly share of the import, export, transshipment, container traffic for Busan was in the order of transhipment, export, import and the coast. Transshipment cargo volume to 46.7 percent compared to last month that is 1.1 % increase. Exports increased by 0.8 percentage points compared to the previous month to 26.8 percent, and imports decreased 1.7 percentage point compared to last month accounted for 25.8% proportion. Busan New Port has shown high transhipment cargo volume compared to the Busan North Port, and import and export cargo volume to have a higher proportion in Busan North Port. For transshipment container handling traffic in Busan, it appeared in the order of New Port 2 docks (4-9 berths), sinseondae, New Port 3 docks (HJS) and jasungdae docks. In case of New Port 2, transshipment cargo volume since September 2010 continue to rise, and in July 2011 the value of 173,000 TEU have increased by 17.9 percent from the previous month. The Exchange container traffic of sinseondae wharf operated by Korea Express Busan Container Terminal (KBCT) showed 125,000 TEU with 21.7% increase in cargo volume compared to the previous month. Processing performance for China's ocean-going container traffic in Busan harbor appeared in the order of chingdaohhang, tyenjinhang, tilt, binomial, daryenhang and ningbohang. Busan Port's total container traffic in China for a year-over-year increase of 29.1 percent recorded 367,000 TEU. The traffic in Pusan and major ports in China rose over the same period a year ago, where in the case of transhipment traffic, the Port of Tianjin Port and Qingdao 30.7%, 112.2% YoY respectively. In Shanghai Port having the largest number of import and export cargo volume with Pusan Port, import and export cargo volume increased by 20.2 percent over the same period the previous year, 42,000 TEU and Qingdao Port, an increase of 38.9% to 28,000 TEU. On the other hand, ocean-going container traffic in Busan port handling performance in Japan, in July, showed in the order of ohsakahang, donggyeonghang, hakadahang, Yokohama Port and Tomakomai. Busan Port's total container traffic in Japan recorded 208,000 TEU that is the value of increasing 10.4 percent for a year-over-year. Container traffic in major ports in Japan and Busan, in the middle of showing Osaka Port increased 13.8% YoY, Tokyo Port and Hakadahang rose 21.6%, 6.8% respectively. In port of Osaka with the highest import and export cargo volume with Busan, it increased by 16.6 percent over the same period of the previous year, and in Hakadahang that has the highest transshipment cargo volume with Busan, transshipment cargo volume increased 2.5% over the same period of the previous year showing cargo volume performance of 9,000 TEU.  2. Gwangyang Port (1) Status for port traffic Looking at Table 4 and Figure 4, the overall traffic on July 2011 increased by 6.9% YoY to be 18,675,000 tonnes. Cumulative traffic, 26,361,000 tons, showed 7.5% growth YoY. Container traffic in July 2011 decreased by 6.7% YoY to 167,000 TEU, and the cumulative traffic, 1,225,000 TEU increased by 1.4 percent YoY.  3. Incheon Port (1) Status for port traffic Looking at Table 5 and Figure 5 the overall traffic on July 2011 in Incheon port 10,768,000 tonnes YoY decreased 10.0% YoY, 2.3% from the previous month, and the cumulative cargo volume declined 0.6% YoY. On the other hand, the container traffic in July 2011 with a 168,000 TEU showed 7.1% YoY, 4.1% increase from the previous month, and cumulative container cargo volume 1,132,000 TEU of by 3.5 percent year-over-year increase.  4. Ulsan Port (1) Status for port traffic Looking at Table 6 and Figure 6, the overall traffic on July 2011 in Ulsan, 18,137,000 tons increased 30.2% YoY. The cumulative cargo volume increased by 14.4% YoY to reach 125,690,000 tonnes, container cargo volume decreased by 6.1 percent YoY and increased by 14.9 percent from the previous month, but the year-over-year cumulative traffic showed 5.1 percent decline.  5. Pyeongtaek, Dangjin Port (1) Status for port traffic Looking at Table 7 and Figure 7, the overall traffic on July 2011 increased by 35.2% YoY to be 7,949,000 tons and the cumulative traffic with 55,604,000 tonnes increased 29.8% YoY. Container traffic in July 2011 increased by 12.9% YoY to record 45,000 TEU and a cumulative 287,000 tons of container cargo volume of 14.8% YoY increase.  Ⅱ. View of the Port Industry It is considered that in the port industry, the material handling equipment industry would have a big competition to maximize enlargement of multipolar centric port system and the facilities and operational efficiency between the center ports according to container cargo volume growth, the importance of free trade area, networking and complexation of maritime and port operations. Port traffic is dependant on the cargo volume and conditions of the shipbuilding industry in a great parts. And also, because the current import and export cargo is tend to be standardized, automation is expected to come into play according to the activation of the future container equipment. Let us consider about domestic shipbuilding, marine and harbor views through the views of container traffic and the shipbuilding industry's trends. First, looking at Figure 8, the container traffic in the world is expected to show sustained growth of 8.8% approximately from 586 millions TEU by 2009 to 824 millions TEU by 2013. In addition, the traffic of the Northeast emerged as the world's third largest trading areas along with EU and North America handled 180 million TEU that is accounted for 36.2% compared to the world. Thus, 332 million TEU by 2013 is processed and predicted to cover approximately 40.3% of the world's container cargo. Therefore, domestic ports industry is also expected to grow and accordingly it is considered to have to be at the forefront of technological development, as well as to ensure market development.  Table 8 is the view of market share for global cargo market. The market share was 60.3 percent in 2008 and expects to be 61.4 percent in 2011. In contrast, the private sector and public sector market share is estimated to be reduced gradually followed by a fierce competition. In addition, because the world's focus is 'Green' it needs to respond the environmental pollution through minimizing greenhouse gas that occurs not only in harbor but also in the underlying industries. Therefore, our nation also, continues to investigate GHG (Green House Gas) emissions occurring in harbor and the underlying industries and to promote the Green Port Policy. Handling equipment industry, according to these, should follow the change with even the need to improve technology and consider the fact that the industry would be retarded when it does not satisfy the market trends. Korea, undertaking 99.6 percent of the export and import cargo handling space, occupies the sixth in the world as part of the container cargo volume, and took over the No. 1 at the part of trade cargo transportation. But to be reborn as a center of Northeast Asian hub in the future, it should be remembered that technological development and evolution of shipbuilding, marine and port material handling equipment industry. 
Ⅲ. Summary
Recent development trends of the global container port can be considered to be the transition factor from the Outer to the Inner Harbor. It refers to the phenomenon that the past harbor is located in near the city having potential logistics area and high population density, but it moves to the outer harbor according to traffic, environmental issues and the facilities and instruments by large vessels stopover. For these, governments and relevant organizations are promoting a policy to help move to the outer one for the extreme volume of the existing treatment and promote the transition to ocean-going transportation and environmental issues in the Inner Harbor. Therefore, this same policy for each port business supplier is being done. Another trend is the introduction of eco-friendly and automated equipment. With upcoming of environmental issues the new terminal developers are actively considering the introduction of used fuel-saving device or alternative fuels (electricity, etc.) instead of various facilities such as conventional diesel fuel. Thereby it reduces costs and promotes environmentally friendly business operations and is trying to improve the image of the existing chimney industry. Also, through the introduction of automation equipment in port facilities, it is focused to reduce labor costs and personal injury and to raise productivity. Currently, ports around the world are being intensified of competition between ports such as fee reductions as well as expansion of port facilities. To grow as port of major hub port in Northeast Asia in the 21st century and continue to grow the local economy, expansion of the port hinterland should be pursued in conjunction with urban planning, and everyone will have a particular interest. ■ References . Ministry of Land Transport and maritime Affairs, South Korea's port 2009 . Ministry of Land Transport and maritime Affairs, SP-IDC . www.portcontainer.cn / www.pdc.gov.hk . www.mpa.gov.sg / www.klhb.gov.tw . www. portofrotterdam.com . www.portdebarcelona.es . www.portoflosangeles.org, www.polb.com . Busan Port Authority . Drewry, Annual Review of Global Container Terminal Operators, 2008 . Drewry Shipping Consultants, “Annual Review of Global Container Terminal Operators”, 2007 . Marine and Shipbuilding Monthly Apr, 2010, Apr 2011 |
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