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| While suffering from fever due to global warming of the earth, choose 'eco-friendly green shipping industry'． |
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In addition to recent record-breaking floods in Australia and Brazil, they were suffered major damage due to fire in recent years. In Raleigh Stone and Perth area in western Australia 40 homes completely were gutted, and several dozen homes were damaged. Still yet, with the impact of floods and storms in Australia as a nation this large fires fell into the yarn. In addition record heavy rains damaged life and property in Brazil, but also caused a large fire, and then the three major samba schools in Rio de Janeiro were suffered by this fire.
On the sinmo in southern Kyushu, Japan volcanic ash builds up on the road of surrounding area, and also Busan, Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk in Korea were suffered from the big blind to met large or small damage. Especially in case of Busan and Gyeongsangbuk-do that met a maximum recorded snowfall during 17 years a snow job was not done correctly, which made citizens inconvenient. It also poured on the east coast of Gangwon and therefore, Gangneung and Donghae with unprecedented heavy snow were terribly isolated. Researchers at the University of Oxford, U.K, announces the recent floods is due to 'global warming'. Flood damage due to global warming has occurred more than twice, and they explained it’s due to often scattering of warm air vapor. Thus abnormal weather due to global warming, is causing the damage directly or indirectly such as El Nino phenomenon, floods, snow and sea ice caused by rising sea levels. More recently, according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations, the most significant damage was expected in many parts of Asia with the highest population density due to global warming by water shortages, epidemics, famine, flood, etc.. This situation eventually reminds us an obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, "Eco-friendly Green Ship” has emerged as a hot issue in shipbuilding industry on this year. On January 1 of this year, International Maritime Organization (IMO) says that all the ships should be applied to the environmental standards in the IMO Tier 2 and also, they are considering it would ever apply to the duty of the ship's carbon dioxide reduction targets for the new ships under 'Shipbuilding fuel region (EEDI) ' We’ve already seen enough of nature to be scared. If so, for 'green ship' for the development of the domestic shipbuilding industry what should we do． 1. The status of eco-friendly green shipping industry (1) Domestic eco-friendly green shipping industry Competitive advantage in the global shipbuilding market is continuing to maintain and to strengthen eco-green vessels as a new concept in marine plant value-added differentiation. With strengthened global environmental regulations technological superiority grafted as a representative of differentiating were appeared in a green vessel, and various marine plant such as FPSO, drill ships, LNG-FPSO and Subsea equipment and other high value-added vessels such as cruise ships is expanding its share. Through diversification, such as offshore wind power fluctuations in the shipbuilding sector it promotes risk reduction and revenue, and domestic large-scale shipbuilding in 2008 looking at 3's shipbuilding division proportion (55%), marine plant 29%, renewable energy and other sectors accounted for 17%. Until stabilization of the global shipbuilding quotes the shipping companies is estimated to be diversified and high value-added product differentiation is expected to continuously pursued. In the development of the domestic shipping industry trends, it showed significant results by incorporating green technology into existing marine and propulsion systems. For example, in the case of Hyundai Heavy Industries, the development and commercialization of environmentally friendly engines having the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by 15% decrease than the existing engine were successful. In Samsung Heavy Industries with GHG 30% reduction target eco-friendly technologies, in the areas such as especially recent marine emissions and water pollution control, reduced emissions, noise and vibration reduction technology, LNG-SRV received the highest evaluation of the ship in the world's largest shipbuilding and marine environment, Green Ship Technology conference. DSME developed MAN Diessel and eco-friendly marine propulsion system which is the system suppling the high-pressure natural gas into gas injection engine (ME-GI) of MAN Diessel. Therefore, CO ² 23%, NOx 13%, SOx 92% is expected to decline to. For more details, as follows: 
1) Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering
As shown in Figure 1, DSME in 2008 had established a successful commissioning of VLCC, installing Pre-Swirl Stator at the beginning of the stern propeller. This facility was first installed at 'Astro Capricorn', 320,000-ton super-tanker awarded from Cresten company and it plays a role that the flow of water allows to enter uniformly at the stern portion into the propeller with attached the four fixed wing propeller right in front of the propeller. In addition, it deveoped Bog (Boil-off Gas) zero LNG cargo (Sealed LNGC) that can inhibit evaporating gas generation with pressure increas within LNG cargo and reduce LNG of more than $ 1 million per a ship annually and the WHRS (Waste Heat Recovery System) that recycles the heat of exhaust gas that occur in the marine engine to achieve fuel savings of 6% per year. And CO ² 23%, NOx 13%, Sox 92% reduction is possible and there are high-pressure natural gas injection engine co-developed with Mandigel. 
2) Samsung Heavy Industries
Samsung Heavy Industries, as shown in Figure 2, in early 2008 in the hull plating such as VLCC (VLCC) etc., SAVER Fin are attached to, and the "Saber-pin' is the form of attaching the single plate of the size of 0.5m Width and 2.5m vertical in the outer plate of vessel in a form of shell and is known to be able to reduce vessel fuel by 3-5 percent and hull vibration more than 50%. In addition, through the green business declaration in January 2010 it said that green vessel construction having green house gas emissions of 30 percent by 2015, green plants realization, green network construction and building my CO ² Inventory within shipyard would be done. And development of new technologies including energy efficiency such as the optimal linear design to minimize fuel consumption, waste heat recovery unit and the low temperature combustion, and technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of other vessels such as hydrogen fuel cells, superconducting electric propulsion and CO ² capture will be strived for technological development. 3) STX Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering STX said that it has the goal of pollution emissions 50% reduction and when constructing VLCC awarded in September 2008, equips waste gas recycling system to proceed GD (Green Dream)-EcoShip project. 
4) Hyundai Heavy Industries
Hyundai Heavy Industries, as shown in Figure 3, equipped Thruster Fin utilizing the lift of the vessel to reduce the weight of the stern causing thrust increase into Rudder. Thrust wing were introduced to have fuel savings of 4-6% and in the day, for large container ships having more than 300t of fuel consumption, 25 years $ 60 million per flight has the effect of the fuel savings, he said. In addition, if developed the dual-fuel diesel electric (DFDE) propulsion system applied to "British emeraldeu' of British BP four LNG vessels, ．and the marine vessel in 2007 was named the world's best. Also, hybrid drive system applied to Coast Guard 3,000 T-class 'Pacific No. 9' was applied to 750kw diesel electric propulsion motor having the 10,000 level of horse power, when driving at low speed over 12knots without the main engine operation, running can be operated with an electric motor only and at low speed 25% of annual fuel savings and CO ² emissions of 10t has the advantage of being reduced. Also, Hyundai Heavy Industries developed the processing vessel ballast system 'eco-ballast' adapted to 7,000 TEU-class container ships. And this is eco-friendly ballast treatment system that removes microorganisms over 50 micro-meters with filter and UV device can be used in. 5) Domestic shipbuilding companies Domestic shipbuilding companies recognize the importance of low carbon, green materials, but most are small companies and investment of the technology development is lacking. As domestic companies and technologies being developed, superconducting motors and generators from the frontier as a business development project by Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., is regarded, but the actual performance does not apply to ships and marine boilers. And Kanglim Kiyon, globally competitive company in heat exchangers and marine boiler manufacturing reviewed to produce WHRS (waste heat recovery system) development, but due to high risk and large costs it did not work with. 2. The prospect of eco-friendly green marine industry Currently vessels is the most energy-efficient one among a variety of means of transport. The ship's energy efficiency is very high compared to rail (2.7 times) and vehicle (4.5 times) and air (23.5-fold) and further to improve a relatively high energy efficiency the aggressive research and development is needed . CO ² emissions in the current shipbuilding industry are shown in Table 1.  And emissions status and reduction targets in the shipbuilding industry(Draft) is shown in Table 2.  
The ship's power source consists of a power source to produce electricity and propulsion power. Currently the vast majority of vessels have diesel engines for propulsion and power source and diesel engines, using calories caused by the burning of fossil diesel fuel (oil), produce propulsion power and power for power production. In greenhouse gas emissions from ships, CO ² caused by the combustion of fossil fuels is 99.9% of total greenhouse gases. Of the future eco-green ship, it produces propulsion and power as fuel cell, and it is expected of the development, as the ships not emitting CO ² at fossil fuels marine(current) → Hybrid Ship (2015 ~ 2020) → Fuel Cell Ship (2030). The final destination of eco-friendly green ship is expected of the vessel operated with only fuel cells and hydrogen fuel cells.
Anticipated future development of eco-friendly green ship details and application forms technology is shown in Figure 4. In general, it can be expected that ship price of 1% is obtained for the ship to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ratio of 1%. 2009 national marine exports is $ 53 billion, which accounted for approximately 35% of the world market, and the aforementioned ratio of greenhouse gas reduction potential of all vessels IMO is expected of 2015-2019: 10%, 20% from 2020 to 2024, since 2025 30%. On the basis of these circumstances, the future expansion of eco-friendly green market is expected. According to Clarkson March 2009, 2009-2018 annual demand is estimated at 2890 ten thousand CGT, and from 1997 to 2008 approximately 82.3 percent of the average 3510 ten thousand CGT is estimated. (Refer to Table 3).  'direct' Green Ship market caused by 2015 Green Ship technology and equipment distribution is estimated of the annual domestic market for 22 trillion won, and the world's 80 trillion won, and in ' indirect 'Green Ship’ of the shipbuilding industry it’s of the annual domestic market for 55 trillion won, and the world is estimated at 200 trillion won. Green Ship equipment worldwide is the heat recovery unit and condenser/electric generator only, and this product is owned by MAN B & W (Denmark) and ABB (Switzerland) under the monopoly, and the market size is estimated at 250 billion won per year. Marine eco-friendly green technologies is very large variation from country to country, and the relevant market is currently in the early stages, mentioned earlier, and mainly applied to small vessels, but future market trends are expected to grow depending on IMO discussion direction. 3. The future of eco-green marine industry In order to reduce the ship's energy, the establishment of long-term technology development policy is necessary. Shipbuilding industry in the domestic industry accounts for about 40% world market share, and most of which consists of a vessel for export followed by contribution to the domestic trade surplus. Full of foreign exchange rate is high, and it has very high employment effects. For sustainable development of shipbuilding industry, national policies should be in place, but despite the fact, government support for R & D is weak. (1) Green ship fund Global environmental regulations and the future of the key technologies for high-value-market development, domestic and international marketing strategies, promotion, information, and knowledge of the field resources for building infrastructure should be done. The fund currently is planned to include total of 100 billion won (60 billion won Government-sponsored enterprise / city 40 billion won (35 billion won for enterprises and five billion won for municipalities) in 5 years (2011 to 2015) period. The corresponding Green Ship-leading technologies and key technologies for Improvement of marine power sources (diesel → Atomic Energy / Fuel Cell / Gas propulsion, etc.) and knowledge infrastructure systems such as the joint development of equipment, supplies and parts, and international technology information and analysis related areas should be built. In addition, configuring export marketing support and professional forum, and promoting international joint research are needed. (2) Green Ship & Marine Plant Equipment Support Center establishment Researchers in the industry says that Green Ship and marine plant Support Center should be established in the research center for localization rate increase and detailed project roadmap. As the companies promotion, promoting localization of key materials and components (current localization 20% → 2015 years 80%), core components and the localization roadmap realization in the field of companies support, localization Item Research Operating and co-operation related organizations, in conjunction with Southeastern performing industry should be done. Through technical cooperation and joint use of the equipment with the operation of Green Ship & Marine Plant Equipment Localization Support Center it is expected to shorten the commercialization time and the amount of savings of investment in new facilities. (3) Eco-green vessel element technology development and expertise manpower Compared to the existing marine environment, safety and security in high performance marine shipbuilding and IT, environmental technology and management skills combined with next-generation hull technology should be combined. According to Table 4 as ET and IT technology, ship design as the basis for the E-Navigation, Safety evaluation technology, U-based flight automation technology, combining and developing energy-efficient propulsion system, CO ², NOx, Sox, and emissions control technology environment-friendly ships will take the lead in developing the core technology.  In addition, the new generation of green power source to apply the skills and core systems and equipment and shipbuilding technology-based ET and systematic training of IT personnel, chemistry and chemical technology through R & D manpower in the convergence trend will need to respond effectively. (4) Law and Corporate Governance Improvement in domestic law relating to marine systems is expected to be no great significance, and focus on improving law and institutions such as IMO are considered. However, Green ship and marine plant-related R & D associated with the system improvement is important. Among new evaluation of the requirements of the current "knowledge economy, innovation management practices commercial law Management Guidelines(technology development)," the pre-support 'in the last year-end debt ratio of 500% or' → 'ship orders, except in conjunction with debt' requirements were improved. (5) Market initiative for the creation of the International rule For promoting Green ship development proactively, it’s important that the development of regulations and international organizations to respond to the initiative and leadership, to respond effectively to the market creation. Because it’s estimated to get future environmental deterioration, it is expected to increase the regulation of shipbuilding sector associated with this. Because various international regulations are used to made by the hosts products developed in advance it tends to act as a barrier for related technologies to entry for late runner. Until now, regulations response in the domestic shipbuilding industry is for the reactive, but by pushing ahead the development it will need to be actively involved in fermentation of future regulatory initiatives. 4. Summary Depending on the risks of global warming ahead, the domestic shipbuilding, shipping, eco-friendly green materials in the industry strive to foster in the shipping industry, he said. Apart from IMO (International Maritime Organization) regulations the green industry is thought of the era necessity. Better than regulations, for the positive role of ecosystem damage due to the Earth's warming acceleration and having a social responsibility to posterity an effort for the environment should not be neglected. In addition to these reasons we must play a leading role to the marine industry for the advanced technology beyond the developed countries and china, and the development must be environmentally green. Eco-friendly Green is the new paradigm for the shipping industry. If IMO Convention enters into force, without increasing the efficiency it is difficult to receive orders, and also shipping company when using the low efficiency of the ship including the incidental costs future carbon emissions trading has indirect costs to be inevitable to go into eco-friendly Green Ship. ■ References . Marinetek, Updated Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships, June, 2008. 24 . Green Ship Core Technology Development (Draft) Apr, 2010.30. . The Korea Shipbuilders' Association, the shipbuilding industry response to climate change trends . Second IMO GHG Study 2009 . Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea, Low Carbon, Green ship Development Trends and Prospects . Clarkson, 2009.3 |
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